The polymorphisms of genes associated with the profile of fatty acids of sheep / Os polimorfismos de genes associados ao perfil de ácidos graxos de ovinos

The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of polymorphisms in Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGTA-1 and 2), Fatty acid synthase (FASN), Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) genes and the Thioesterase domain of FASN (TE-FASN) gene that may be related to the lipid profile. In the experiment, a total of 84 sheep from different genetic groups were used. For the evaluation of the polymorphism of the genes, PCR-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) technique and subsequent sequencing were used. In DGAT-2 gene, four genotypes were identified with the presence of 6 polymorphisms, with two (c.229T> C; c.255T> C) that resulted into the exchange of phenylalanine by leucine. In FASN gene, two genotypes were identified. In TE-FASN gene, three genotypes and 17 polymorphisms were identified. DGAT-1 and SCD genes did not reveal the occurrence of polymorphism. There was difference in relation to C14: 0, C18: 0 fatty acids and Δ9-desaturase C18 for DGAT-2 gene and of C18: 2ω6t for TE-FASN. There were differences among the genetic groups for C10: 0, C12: 0, C17: 0, C18: 2ω6t, C18: 3ω3, C20: 2, total of ω3, ω3/ω6 and atherogenicity index. There is occurrence of polymorphism of DGAT-2 and TE-FASN genes and these should be further studied in sheep since they revealed influence of the genotypes on the fatty acid profile.(AU)

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a ocorrência de polimorfismos nos genes Diacilglicerol aciltransferase (DGTA1 e 2), Ácido graxo sintase (FASN), Estearoil-CoA dessaturase (SCD) e o Domínio da tioesterase do gene FASN (TE-FASN), que possam estar relacionados ao perfil lipídico. No experimento, foram utilizados um total de 84 ovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos. Para avaliação do polimorfismo dos genes, foi utilizada a técnica de polimorfismo de conformação de cadeia simples (PCR-SSCP) e posterior sequenciamento. No gene DGAT-2, foram identificados quatro genótipos com a presença de seis polimorfismos, com dois (c.229T>C; c.255T>C) que resultaram na troca da fenilalanina por leucina. No gene FASN, foram identificados dois genótipos. No gene TE-FASN, foram identificados três genótipos e 17 polimorfismos. Os genes DGAT-1 e SCD não revelaram a ocorrência de polimorfismo. Houve diferença em relação aos ácidos graxos C14:0, C18:0 e ∆9-desaturaseC18 para o gene DGAT-2 e de C18:2ω6t para TE-FASN. Houve diferença entre os grupos genéticos para C10:0, C12:0, C17:0, C18:2ω6t, C18:3ω3, C20:2, total de ω3, ω3/ω6 e índice de aterogenicidade. Há ocorrência de polimorfismo dos genes DGAT-2 e TE-FASN, e estes devem ser mais estudados em ovinos, pois revelaram influência dos genótipos sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos.(AU)

Research progress of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 on obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Abstract / 中华肝脏病杂志

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) is the key rate-limiting enzyme to catalyze the conversion of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids. The monounsaturated fatty acids in the catalytic products are important substrates for the formation of triglycerides, cholesteryl esters and phospholipids. Therefore, SCD-1 plays an important regulatory role in the metabolic process of fat. Currently, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are widely prevalent worldwide. SCD-1 has gradually become a potential drug target for the treatment of such diseases due to its important regulatory role in fat metabolism. We summarize the recent research progress of SCD-1 in obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the developmental status of SCD-1 inhibitors in order to provide new ideas and references related to disease and target drugs.

Sterculic Acid and Its Analogues Are Potent Inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasmosis is a serious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, one of the most widespread parasites in the world. Lipid metabolism is important in the intracellular stage of T. gondii. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), a key enzyme for the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acid is predicted to exist in T. gondii. Sterculic acid has been shown to specifically inhibit SCD activity. Here, we examined whether sterculic acid and its methyl ester analogues exhibit anti-T. gondii effects in vitro. T. gondii-infected Vero cells were disintegrated at 36 hr because of the propagation and egress of intracellular tachyzoites. All test compounds inhibited tachyzoite propagation and egress, reducing the number of ruptured Vero cells by the parasites. Sterculic acid and the methyl esters also inhibited replication of intracellular tachyzoites in HFF cells. Among the test compounds, sterculic acid showed the most potent activity against T. gondii, with an EC50 value of 36.2 μM, compared with EC50 values of 248-428 μM for the methyl esters. Our study demonstrated that sterculic acid and its analogues are effective in inhibition of T. gondii growth in vitro, suggesting that these compounds or analogues targeting SCD could be effective agents for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.

Role of stearoyl CoA desaturase on conjugated Linoleic acid concentration in bovine milk: review / Papel de la estearoil CoA desaturasa sobre la variabilidad en los niveles de ácido linoléico conjugado en la leche bovina: revisión / Papel do estereaoil CoA desnaturase na variação dos níveis do ácido linoléico conjugado em leite bovino: Revisão

Interesting health benefits have been attributed to the intake of conjugated linoleic acid, CLA (C18:2 cis9, trans-11), which is the main isomer of linoleic acid, and is present in bovine milk. Among those benefits are: cancer prevention, diminished risk for the onset of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease, modulation of the immune response, and reduction of preeclampsia risk in primigravid women. Although an adequate nutrition of cows has permitted to increase the amount of CLA in their milk, there is variation in CLA concentrations among cows consuming the same diet. It has been suggested that this variation is due either to changes in the activity of stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD), changes in the gene expression, or to alterations in the ruminal process of biohydrogenation. Research conducted in semimembranosus muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of cattle suggests there are two isoforms of SCD.

Al isómero mayoritario del ácido linoléico, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (Ácido Linoléico Conjugado, ALC) en la leche bovina, se le han atribuido propiedades benéficas para la salud humana, entre las que está su efecto en la prevención del cáncer, disminución de los factores de riesgo para la presentacion de diabetes tipo II y de enfermendades cardiovasculares, modulación de la respuesta inmune como también, en la reducción del riesgo de preeclamsia en mujeres primigrávidas. Aunque se ha logrado elevar la concentración de ALC en leche mediante sistemas de alimentación adecuados, existe variabilidad en su concentración para individuos de una misma especie y sometidos a la misma alimentación. Para explicar dicha variabilidad, se ha sugerido que esta se debe a cambios en la actividad de la Estearoil CoA Desaturasa (ECD), de la expresión genética diferencial o a alteraciones en el proceso de biohidrogenación ruminal. Trabajos realizados en músculo semimembranoso y tejido adiposo subcutáneo en bovinos, sugieren la presencia de dos isoformas de la ECD.

Ao isómero maioritário do ácido linoléico, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (Ácido Linoléico Conjugado, ALC) no leite bovina, tem-se atribuído propriedades benéficas para a saúde humana, entre as quais estão: seu efeito na prevenção do câncer, diminuição dos factores de risco para a apresentação da diabetes tipo II e de doenças cardiovasculares, modulação da resposta imune, como também, a redução do risco da préeclâmsia em mulheres primigrávidas. Embora tem-se logrado elevar a concentração dos ALC no leite mediante sistemas de alimentação adequados, existe a variabilidade na sua concentração para indivíduos da mesma espécie e submetidos a uma alimentação semelhante. Para explicar a variabilidade, tem-se sugerido que é causada por mudanças na actividade do Estearoil CoA Desaturase (ECD), da expressão genética diferencial ou às alterações no processo de biohidrogenação ruminal. Trabalhos realizados no músculo semimembranoso e tecido adiposo subcutâneo em bovinos, sugerem a presencia de duas isoformas do ECD.

EFFECT OF PU-ERH TEA ON LIPOGENESIS AND EXPRESSION OF RELATIVE GENES IN OBESE RAT FED WITH HIGH FAT DIET / 营养学报

Objective To examine the effect of Pu-Erh tea extract(PTE) on genes expression of lipogenesis in white adipose tissue of rats fed high fat diet.Method Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=10):the control group(basal diet);the high fat group(high fat diet);the PTE group(high fat diet + Pu-Erh tea extract).Body weight and adipose tissue were measured.Expression of genes regulating lipid metabolism was assessed in adipose tissue.Results PTE supplementation prevented diet-induced increases in body weight and adipose tissue.Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1(DGAT1),stearoyl-CoA desalurase-1(SCD1) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c(SREBP-1c) mRNA levels were markedly decreased in adipose tissue of rats fed PTE.Conclusion This study shows for the first time that Pu-Erh tea extract prevents diet-induced obesity,and this effect is partly mediated via a direct influence on adipose tissue.